中国人民生活水平实现了历史性跨越

China has Made Historic Strides in Raising Living Standards of Its People

秋平

Qiu Ping

中国坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断解决关系人民切身利益的突出问题，人民生活水平实现了从温饱不足到总体小康再到全面小康的历史性跨越。

By applying a people-centered development philosophy and addressing prominent issues of immediate concern to the people, China has made historic strides in raising living standards from bare subsistence to moderate prosperity in general and then moderate prosperity in all respects.

就业形势长期稳定，就业结构持续优化

Long-term employment stability has been ensured, and the structure of employment has been improved

75年来，在社会生产力不断发展的同时，中国实现了经济发展与扩大就业的有效联动，就业市场不断扩容提质。2023年，全国就业人员74041万人，比1949年扩大3.1倍；第二、三产业就业人员占全国就业人员比重分别为29.1%、48.1%，比1952年提高21.7个、39.0个百分点。

With the continuous development of the productive forces over the past 75 years, China has been able to effectively promote employment expansion in step with economic development, registering steady growth in the job market in terms of both its size and quality. In 2023, the number of people in employment nationwide stood at 740.41 million, 3.1 times higher than in 1949. The secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 29.1% and 48.1% of total employment, respectively, an increase of 21.7 and 39 percentage points over 1952.

党的十八大以来，就业空间不断拓展，就业形势保持稳定，14亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分的就业。2013—2023年，城镇新增就业人数累计超过1.4亿人，城镇调查失业率保持稳定。

Since 2012, the space for employment has continued to expand, and the employment situation has remained stable. This has helped ensure relatively full employment in our large country of more than 1.4 billion people. Between 2013 and 2023, a total of more than 140 million new urban jobs were created, and the urban surveyed unemployment rate remained stable.

居民收入较快增长，消费水平持续提升

Personal income has grown rapidly, leading to rising consumption levels

75年来，中国持续推动经济发展和收入分配格局优化，居民收支状况不断改善。特别是改革开放以来，随着经济实力进一步发展壮大，居民收入快速增长，消费水平明显提升。

Over the past 75 years, China has continued to promote economic development and optimize the income distribution pattern, resulting in steady improvements in personal income and expenditure conditions. Notably, owing to an increase in China’s economic strength since the launch of reform and opening up, personal income has increased rapidly, and consumption levels have risen markedly.

2023年，全国居民人均可支配收入达39218元，扣除价格因素比1949年实际增长76倍，年均增长6.0%；居民人均消费支出26796元，比1956年实际增长36倍，年均增长5.5%。居民消费结构优化升级，耐用消费品加速迭代。

In 2023, the per capita disposable income of residents nationwide reached 39,218 yuan. After adjusting for pricing factors, this is equivalent to a 76-fold increase in real terms from 1949, representing an average annual increase of 6%. Per capita consumer spending, meanwhile, reached 26,796 yuan, a 36-fold increase in real terms from 1956, which is an average annual increase of 5.5%. The patterns of consumption have also improved, with durable consumer goods being upgraded at a faster pace.

2023年，全国居民人均服务性消费支出占比为45.2%，比2013年提高5.5个百分点；居民每百户家用汽车拥有量、空调拥有量分别增加至49.7辆、145.9台。

In 2023, services consumption accounted for 45.2% of total per capita consumer spending nationwide, an increase of 5.5 percentage points from 2013, while the number of cars and air conditioners per 100 households increased to 49.7 and 145.9 units, respectively.

多层次社会保障体系加快构建，民生保障网织密兜牢

A multi-tiered social security system has been put into place, weaving a tight safety net for people’s wellbeing

75年来，中国社会保障从无到有、从小到大，建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。2023年末，全国参加基本养老保险人数达10.66亿人，比1989年末增加10.09亿人；参加失业、工伤保险人数分别达2.44亿人、3.02亿人，比1994年末增加1.64亿人、2.84亿人。

Over the past 75 years, China has established the world’s largest social security system from scratch. By the end of 2023, the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance nationwide had reached 1.066 billion, an increase of 1.009 billion from the end of 1989. The number of people enrolled in unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation schemes had risen to 244 million and 302 million, respectively, an increase of 164 million and 284 million from the end of 1994.

各类保障性住房建设扎实推进，养老服务加快发展，儿童福利和未成年人保护体系不断完善，社会保障网有力发挥了可持续的托底作用。

Solid progress has been made in the construction of various types of government-subsidized housing, the development of elderly care services has accelerated, and the system for child welfare and the protection of minors has been continuously improved. All this has ensured that the social security net effectively meets people’s basic needs on a sustainable basis.

脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，为全球减贫事业作出突出贡献

We secured a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty, making a notable contribution to the global poverty reduction efforts

75年来，中国持续致力于解决贫困难题，扎实推进扶贫开发工作，促进人民生活实现跨越式发展。党的十八大以来，中国把脱贫攻坚作为全面建成小康社会的底线任务。

Over the past seven decades and more, China has ceaselessly dedicated itself to reducing poverty. It has made continuous progress in advancing development-based poverty alleviation, promoting transformative changes in people’s lives. Following the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China identified poverty alleviation as a fundamental task in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

经过8年接续奋斗，到2020年底9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫，832个贫困县全部摘帽，12.8万个贫困村全部出列，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务，提前10年实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程减贫目标，谱写了人类反贫困历史新篇章。

By the end of 2020, after eight years of tireless efforts, China had accomplished the formidable task of eradicating absolute poverty, as all of its 98.99 million rural poor people and all of the 832 counties and 128,000 villages classified as poor had emerged from impoverishment. With this, China accomplished the poverty reduction target laid out in the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule. This marked the completion of a new chapter in the history of humanity’s fight against poverty.

(Excerpts from “Opening a New Chapter After 75 Years of Development” by the CPC Leadership Group of the National Bureau of Statistics, Qiushi Journal, English edition, No. 6, 2024)